Class
11
Page:
10
Unit: 1
Grammar
Word classes
Word class refers to the category of words of
similar form or function. Another name of word class is a parts of speech. Every
word belongs to a word class, which summarizes the ways in which it can be used
in grammar.
There
are four major word classes:
verb,
noun,
adjective,
adverb.
There
are five other word classes:
determiners, preposition, pronoun,
conjunction,
interjection.
So there are nine word classes (or parts of speech) in total. Here
are some examples of the different word classes that you might come across:
1) Verbs are
action or state words like: run, work, study, be, seem.
2) Nouns are
words for people, places or things like: mother, town, Rome, car, dog.
3) Adjectives are
words that describe nouns, like: kind, clever, expensive.
4) Adverbs are words that
modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs, like: quickly, back, ever, badly,
away, generally, completely.
5) Determiners are
a word that introduces a noun. It always comes before a noun, not after, and it
also comes before any other adjectives used to describe the noun. E.g. The
bunny went home, or I ate the chocolate cookie for dessert.
6) Prepositions are
words usually in front of a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to
another word or element, like: after, down, near, of, plus, round.
7) Pronouns are
words that take the place of nouns, like: me, you, his, it, this, that, mine,
yours, who, what.
7) Conjunctions are
a word that joins words, phrases, clauses or sentences, like: but, and, yet,
or, because, nor, although, since, unless, while, where.
8) Interjections have
no grammatical value - words like: ah, hey, oh, ouch, um, well
In the text below, certain words are
underlined. While you read, try to identify which word class they belong to.
Most governments
around the world have temporarily closed educational institutions in an
attempt to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. These nationwide closures
are impacting over 60% of the world’s student population. Some 1 billion students
and youth across the planet are affected by school and university
closures due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Several other countries have implemented
localized closures impacting millions of additional learners. UNESCO is
supporting countries in their efforts to mitigate the immediate impact of school
closures, particularly for more vulnerable and disadvantaged communities, and to
facilitate the continuity of education for all through remote learning.
The Global
Education Coalition launched by UNESCO seeks to facilitate inclusive learning
opportunities for children and youth during this period of sudden and unprecedented
educational disruption. Investment in remote learning should both mitigate
the immediate disruption caused by COVID-19 and establish approaches to develop
more open and flexible education systems for the future. The Global
Coalition members and prospective members are encouraged to pledge for the
protection of learners’ personal information, privacy and security.
In the text,
the underlined words belong to different word classes or parts of speech.
In the text,
the underlined words belong to different word classes or parts of speech.
governments
- noun
temporarily
- adverb
affected
- verb
and
- conjunction
in
- preposition
immediate
- adjective
the
– determiner
B. Classify the underlined words into
different word classes.
a. The man who
is wearing glasses is my uncle’s friend.
b. I bought
a round table in the supermarket.
c. Alas,
she is dead.
d. Hari
works very hard all the time but his wife is very lazy.
e. I have never
been to Japan.
ANSWER
B. Classify the underlined words into
different word classes.
a. The man who is wearing
glasses is my uncle’s friend.
→ who
: Pronoun
→ wearing:
Verb
→ my:
Pronoun
b. I bought a round table in the
supermarket.
→ round
: Adjective
→ the
: Determiner
c. Alas, she is dead.
→ Alas
: Interjection
→ is:
Verb
d. Hari works very hard all the time but
his wife is very lazy.
→ hard:
Adjective
→ but:
Conjunction
→ wife
: Noun
→ very
: Adjective
e. I have never been to Japan.
→ never
: Adverb
→ to: Preposition